Cop27 live: nations push for crucial climate deal as clock ticks down

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Cop27
Cop27 live: nations push for crucial climate deal as clock ticks down
After two weeks of negotiations, an agreement vital to the future of earth is yet to be agreed
LIVE Updated 
Sat 19 Nov 2022 13.15 EST
First published on Sat 19 Nov 2022 03.00 EST
OK, we are now hearing that the draft text was altered during the afternoon to include a phrase important to the EU, which is to prioritise “particularly vulnerable countries” as recipients of the fund.
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The EU’s concern is that the fund should not be used by countries with significant economic resources of their own – and often with high oil revenues – that are still classed as developing because the definition of developing countries has not changed since 1992 when the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was signed.
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Countries such as Qatar, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia could be eligible for funds if the definition of recipients was merely “developing countries”.
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Will the G77 bloc find that acceptable? It’s problematic because it seems as if there are different versions of the text on this very sensitive issue circulating at the same time.
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Nina Lakhani has been speaking to Meena Raman at Third World Network, who points out that the phrase “developing countries” is in the original convention, and is defined by geographies. So even if the EU wants to exclude some countries, the convention has the final say. Harjeet Singh at Climate Action Network agrees with this analysis: “It doesn’t exclude any country but prioritises the vulnerable ones.”
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My colleague Fiona Harvey is reporting that China and the US have renewed their partnership to tackle the climate crisis, and are working closely and productively on ways of bringing down greenhouse gas emissions, according to China’s head of delegation.
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The surprise news from Xie Zhenhua, who briefed a small group of journalists at the Cop27 UN climate summit in Egypt on Saturday, comes as a rare moment of progress amid a conference mired in bitter fighting between developed and developing countries.
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Xie said he and John Kerry, the US special presidential envoy for climate, had enjoyed “very constructive” discussions. “We have had a close and active dialogue, that was overall very constructive. [We want to] ensure the success of Cop27 and exchange opinions on our differences.”
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His words reflected a warm and personal dialogue. “I have a lot of respect for Mr Kerry. I admire his professional attitude and love. We have been working together for 20 years and share a common wish.” Xie revealed on Saturday that they intended to carry on with formal meetings after Cop27, in the hope of forging greater progress on vital issues such as low-carbon technology and reducing emissions of methane, the powerful greenhouse gas.
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He said: “We have agreed that after this Cop we will continue formal conversations, including face-to-face meetings.”
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However, he is refusing to budge over China’s status as a developing country, which has been one of the many themes of the talks.
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Xie repeated the Chinese position that it was still a developing country, and as such had no obligation to provide financial assistance to poor nations. He said China voluntarily provided help to countries in Latin America, Africa and elsewhere, including help with early warning systems of extreme weather, access to renewable energy technology, and “capacity building” for governments.
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“[In a] loss and damage fund, if there is any fund, the responsibility to provide funds lies with developed countries,” he said. “That is their responsibility and obligation. Developing countries can contribute on a voluntary basis.”
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He added: “The recipients should be developing countries. I hope it will be provided to fragile countries first … and those who need it most, first.”
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Hallo, this is Bibi van der Zee, taking over from Damian Carrington. Please send me thoughts and views as the afternoon progresses, at bibi.vanderzee@theguardian.com , or @bibivanderzee .
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It’s been an extremely busy morning at the summit in Sharm el-Sheikh. Here’s a quick summary of events so far this morning.
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The day began in some disarray, with grave concerns that the target of keeping global warming to within 1.5C of pre-industrial levels was at risk. The EU bloc went as far as saying that they would rather have “no decision than a bad decision”
\n
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Let’s see what the afternoon brings.
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Is the gloomy mood of this morning at Cop27 starting to lift? A new draft text that would see a loss and damage fund established is being welcomed by some developing nations and campaigners. The fund, to provide poorer, vulnerable nations money to rebuild after climate disasters, is the key demand from the global south at the summit.
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Alpha Oumar Kaloga from the Guinea delegation told my colleague Nina Lakhani he is overjoyed at the progress on loss and damage.
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“It’s a very exciting moment, after 30 years of patience, 30 years of struggle, 30 years of trying to get recognition and concrete action on loss and damage. This is now a path, we have arranged a new funding arrangement that will address loss and damage in developing countries particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. Developed countries wanted to pick and choose which countries would benefit, but now we have an agreement that all developing countries will be eligible. This is a unique and exciting moment.”
\n
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30 years of patience. The day has arrived. It is done. YES a new Fund for responding Loss and Damage in developing countries….This is a unique moment a win for all citizens of the world. Head of Delegation have agreed… pic.twitter.com/OZMpfYLdCo
— Alpha Kaloga (@KalogaAlpha) November 19, 2022
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Meena Raman, the Malaysia-based director of the Third World Network and an expert on the Cop negotiations, also welcomed the new text, reports Nina Lakhani. “This was the result of a united G77 and China under the leadership of Pakistan, who had the strong moral voice to speak up for those who have died or been devastated by climate disasters,” said Raman. “It is the best possible compromise given the intransigence of the developed world.”
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Joe Lo, from Climate Home News, says Harjeet Singh, from Climate Action Network, has welcomed the new text.
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A new loss and damage text has been published and it’s got the ????from campaigners. It “offers hope to the vulnerable people that they will get help to recover from climate disasters”, says @harjeet11 #Cop27
— Joe Lo (@joeloyo) November 19, 2022
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Of course, there may be further twists and turns, as nations can raise late objections. It is not over until everything is agreed by everyone.
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The new draft texts on the key issues at Cop27 are flooding in now, and Simon Evans at Carbon Brief is ploughing through them (see the two previous posts).
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— Simon Evans (@DrSimEvans) November 19, 2022
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Evans notes this is only a proposal from the Egyptian Cop27 president: “One very conspicuous absence is any reference to phasing fossil fuels down, or out. Instead it copies Glasgow Cop26 text on coal phase down and ‘inefficient’ fossil fuel subsidy phaseout.”
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India and the US had supported putting “phase down all fossil fuels” in the text. More on that here, from earlier in the week:
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The Associated Press has some ministerial reaction to the latest draft of the final Cop27 agreement.
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New Zealand’s climate minister, James Shaw, said the draft circulated by the Egyptian presidency running the negotiations “has been received quite poorly by pretty much everybody”. He called the draft “entirely unsatisfactory”, adding that the proposal “abandons really any hope of achieving 1.5C”, the global heating limit agreed in the Paris agreement back in 2015.
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Shaw said the delegations were going into another round of talks: “Everybody wants an outcome on loss and damage and everybody wants to keep 1.5 alive. So that’s what we’re going to keep doing.”
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German foreign minister Annalena Baerbock said responsibility for the fate of the UN climate talks “now lies in the hands of the Egyptian Cop presidency”.
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She said the EU had made clear overnight that “we will not sign a paper here that would bury the goal of 1.5C degrees”.
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Frans Timmermans, vice-president of the European Commission, tweeted this earlier:
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#COP27 is in overtime. The EU is united in our ambition to move forward and build on what we agreed in Glasgow. Our message to partners is clear: we cannot accept that 1.5C dies here and today.
— Frans Timmermans (@TimmermansEU) November 19, 2022
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Civil society groups have held a press conference, with some veteran activists saying this is the closest they have seen UN climate talks come to breaking down completely, and there is a real risk that could happen.
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David Tong, a campaigner with Oil Change International based in New Zealand, said he had been to eight Cops, including Durban in 2011 which did not finish until the Sunday morning. He said he had never seen a situation like this morning’s in Sharm el-Sheikh, where a major player in the talks – the EU – and the Cop27 president had given back-to-back press conferences that were at odds with each other to the point of indicating there was no agreement in sight.
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“Every Cop reaches a strange challenging endgame and at every Cop I’ve seen we reach a point where it looks like negotiations might collapse, but this looks like something else,” Tong said.
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“Negotiations are on the verge of a breakdown even more so than in other years. We have not seen the text,” he said. “As we understand it, parties have not been given a copy of the text. They have been shown the text. We’re hearing conflicting things about what the text is saying, but what we’re hearing is deeply worrying.”
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Tong said any final text must not backslide on what was agreed in the Glasgow pact at Cop26, needs to establish a fund to finance loss and damage, protect the goal of aiming to limit global heating to 1.5C, and reflect the clear scientific conclusion that the world needs to phase out fossil fuels.
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It is worth remembering that, back in 2015, countries asked the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to look at the impacts of 1.5C of heating. The IPCC found the difference between that goal and 2C was vast in terms of the catastrophic damage that would be suffered, particularly in vulnerable countries.
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Cop27 president Sameh Shoukry has just been talking to the media, and my colleague Adam Morton was listening. The Egyptian presidency is coming in for increasing criticism on how it is handling the negotiations.
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Shoukry said the delegates had worked through the night but that this had not resulted in any clear direction towards consensus on the key issues of keeping the 1.5C target alive and funding for loss and damage caused by climate disasters.
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Shoukry said the presidency had provided a text for the final Cop decision that was balanced, incorporating language, ideas that reflected views of all countries. He said that text constituted a basis for moving forward, while none of the country groupings could say that all of their interests had been met. He said the text did keep 1.5C alive, contrary to the fears of the EU.
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The issue now rests with the will of the countries, or parties as they are called at Cops. “It is the parties that must rise to the occasion,” said Shoukry. “The world is watching, time is not on our side, and all must show flexibility. What we’re doing is providing the environment that can accommodate the position of various parties.” There is never a perfect solution, he said.
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He would not comment directly on the EU’s concerns: “Every party has a full right to join consensus or not join consensus.”
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In response to criticism of the presidency, Shoukry said it had been fully involved all through the two weeks of Cop27 , especially on issue of loss and damage.
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It’s going to be a busy and confusing day at Cop27 , so here’s what you need to know to understand what is going on.
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First, the UN climate summits work by consensus. That means there are no votes and instead countries must all agree on decisions, or at least not be strongly opposed. As a result, the talks always go into extra time, as nations hold out for their goals.
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The consensus mechanism places a huge responsibility on the Cop president, in this case Sameh Shoukry, Egypt’s foreign minister. He must guide countries firmly but fairly to common ground. But the presidency is getting a lot of criticism for not pushing countries harder sooner. One observer said: “Veterans are now branding this the worst organised Cop in 30 years.”
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You also need a bit of history to understand the negotiations. Back in 1992 when the UN climate treaty was created, it divided the world into developed and developing nations. The treaty put the responsibility to act and to fund climate action on the developed countries.
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But in 1992, only a couple of dozen nations were deemed developed, mostly western European nations, plus the US, Australia and Japan. Today, the world is very different. China’s economy is huge, other nations have got rich on fossil fuels, such as Saudi Arabia, and South Korea is highly developed. Many of the countries dubbed developing in 1992 are now major polluters too.
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This change has created serious tensions at Cops for years. The developed nations think the onus should no longer be on them alone to pay for climate action. The 1992 developing nations argue that the division is written into the treaty and must be respected. They also point out that developed nations haven’t in any case fulfilled their promise to deliver $100bn in annual climate funds.
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The tension over the division is why the EU proposal on loss and damage is so striking. It promises the fund demanded by poor nations, to help rebuild after unavoidable climate disasters, but requires nations like China to contribute. The loss and damage issue is crucial at Cop27, but critics of the EU proposal say it only promises funding to the very poorest and most vulnerable countries, potentially excluding nations like Pakistan which suffered catastrophic floods this year.
","elementId":"1db98cdc-ffb8-4251-aa73-b87dfb6819e7"},{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement","html":"
More on that from Fiona Harvey here:
","elementId":"aec0c44f-ff6c-44d4-bcb9-222bb5f19efb"},{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/18/eu-reversal-stance-loss-damage-china-cop27","text":"EU reversal of stance on loss and damage turns tables on China at Cop27","prefix":"Related: ","role":"thumbnail","elementId":"e792a299-9386-44c6-ab7a-7cdedfe95e2a"}],"attributes":{"pinned":false,"keyEvent":true,"summary":false},"blockCreatedOn":1668847423000,"blockCreatedOnDisplay":"03.43 EST","blockLastUpdated":1668849764000,"blockLastUpdatedDisplay":"04.22 EST","blockFirstPublished":1668848111000,"blockFirstPublishedDisplay":"03.55 EST","blockFirstPublishedDisplayNoTimezone":"03.55","title":"What to expect today","contributors":[{"name":"Damian Carrington","imageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/4/17/1397749330473/DamianCarrington.jpg?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=1e02f70d9d908b71f591de0a3cb6fcd2","largeImageUrl":"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2017/10/06/Damian-Carrington,-R.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=75b7d649b6c8fc8d90d98a3ae15d3724"}],"primaryDateLine":"Sat 19 Nov 2022 13.15 EST","secondaryDateLine":"First published on Sat 19 Nov 2022 03.00 EST"},{"id":"637890788f088c5c88611b79","elements":[{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement","html":"
AFP is reporting that a French minister has said the Egyptian conference hosts are proposing a text that is “unacceptable”:
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The European Union on Saturday rejected as “unacceptable” a proposal from UN climate summit host Egypt for a deal at Cop27, a French official said, saying it was insufficiently ambitious on reducing carbon emissions.
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“At this stage, the Egyptian presidency is calling into question gains made in Glasgow on emissions reduction,” the official from the French energy transition ministry said, referring to the outcome of last year’s Cop26. “This is unacceptable for France and for European Union countries.”
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The EU climate chief, Frans Timmermans, has just given a press conference, where he said he believes a deal is possible but that the EU “would rather have no decision than a bad decision”.
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Hello, and welcome to the Guardian’s ongoing live coverage of the Cop27 climate conference. It was supposed to finish yesterday evening, but to nobody’s surprise has been extended by a day.
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The mood this morning is sombre, and it appears the target agreed at the Paris Cop of holding global heating to within 1.5C of pre-industrial levels may be at risk. Frans Timmermans of the EU tweeted this this morning:
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#COP27 is in overtime. The EU is united in our ambition to move forward and build on what we agreed in Glasgow. Our message to partners is clear: we cannot accept that 1.5C dies here and today.
— Frans Timmermans (@TimmermansEU) November 19, 2022
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We’ll be here bringing you the latest news and developments as they happen, but in the meantime you can catch up on what happened yesterday here:
","elementId":"d4aa039d-937c-4ea5-8bc6-e9b399f2bb35"},{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.RichLinkBlockElement","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/18/cop27-talks-continue-over-eu-climate-loss-and-damage-fund-proposal","text":"Cop27 talks continue over EU climate loss and damage fund proposal","prefix":"Related: ","role":"thumbnail","elementId":"a91a8405-aae6-4f4f-9cf2-9ec8bed0c36e"},{"_type":"model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.TextBlockElement","html":"
I’m Alan Evans, and you can reach me at alan.evans@theguardian.com or on Twitter at @itsalanevans .
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Key events